Safety Mechanisms & Diagnostics
Master the full spectrum of hardware and software safety mechanisms, diagnostic coverage calculation, and PMHF methodology per ISO 26262 Part 5 and Annex D.
What You'll Learn
Build complete competency in safety mechanisms & diagnostics through structured, progressive learning.
Select Mechanisms from Annex D
Navigate ISO 26262 Part 5 Annex D to select appropriate safety mechanisms with correct conditions of use for your hardware.
Calculate Diagnostic Coverage
Apply the ISO 26262 DC calculation methodology to determine combined coverage from multiple safety mechanisms.
Define FDTI and Fault Reactions
Specify Fault Detection Time Intervals, Fault Reaction Time Intervals, and safe state transitions for each mechanism.
Verify PMHF Compliance
Calculate PMHF from SPF and latent fault contributions and demonstrate compliance with ASIL B, C, and D targets.
Integrate Mechanisms in AUTOSAR
Configure AUTOSAR WdgM, DEM, FiM, and E2E modules to implement ISO 26262-compliant safety mechanisms in production code.
Verify Mechanisms with Fault Injection
Design fault injection test campaigns to verify safety mechanism activation, timing, and diagnostic coverage claims.
14 Comprehensive Chapters
Each chapter builds your safety mechanisms & diagnostics expertise systematically from foundations to advanced application.
Overview
Understand what safety mechanisms are, how they relate to diagnostic coverage, and their role in ISO 26262 Part 5.
ISO 26262 Part 5 Requirements
Navigate the normative requirements of ISO 26262 Part 5 for hardware safety mechanisms and diagnostic coverage.
Mechanism Categories
Classify safety mechanisms by detection type, reaction type, and applicable hardware element categories.
ISO 26262 Annex D Catalog
Survey every mechanism in ISO 26262 Part 5 Annex D with conditions of use, coverage values, and dependencies.
Diagnostic Coverage Calculation
Calculate diagnostic coverage percentages using the ISO 26262 formula with failure rate contributions per mechanism.
FDTI & Timing Requirements
Define Fault Detection Time Intervals and Fault Reaction Time Intervals for each safety mechanism.
Fault Reaction & Safe States
Design fault reaction functions and safe state transitions triggered by detected faults for different severity levels.
Hardware Safety Mechanisms
Deep-dive into hardware-implemented mechanisms: ECC, CRC, redundancy, comparison, watchdog, and clock monitors.
Sensor Safety Mechanisms
Apply sensor-specific safety mechanisms: plausibility, range checks, gradient monitoring, and redundant sensing.
E-Gas 3-Level Monitoring
Analyze the E-Gas monitoring concept as the production reference for layered safety mechanisms in powertrain.
Fault Injection Testing
Design and execute fault injection tests to verify safety mechanism activation, coverage, and timing compliance.
AUTOSAR Integration
Map safety mechanisms to AUTOSAR BSW modules: WdgM, DEM, FiM, E2E, and diagnostic communication.
PMHF Methodology
Apply the complete PMHF methodology: failure rate data sources, calculation steps, ASIL verification, and documentation.
ASIL Requirements by Level
Map SPFM, LFM, and PMHF targets to ASIL A through D with mechanism selection implications at each level.
6 Interactive Tools
Experiment with visual tools that bring safety mechanisms & diagnostics concepts to life.
Annex D Mechanism Browser
Browse all ISO 26262 Part 5 Annex D safety mechanisms with filtering by element type, coverage level, and ASIL.
Diagnostic Coverage Calculator
Calculate combined diagnostic coverage from multiple mechanisms using the ISO 26262 formula with failure rate inputs.
PMHF Compliance Calculator
Compute PMHF from SPF and LF contributions and verify against ASIL B, C, and D targets.
Fault Reaction State Machine
Design fault detection to safe state transition sequences with timing verification and trigger conditions.
FDTI Budget Planner
Allocate Fault Detection Time Interval budgets across detection, reaction, and safe state activation timing.
AUTOSAR Safety Module Mapper
Map your safety mechanism requirements to the correct AUTOSAR BSW modules and configuration parameters.
Safety Mechanisms & PMHF Analysis for an ASIL-D Power Steering Torque Sensor
Design the complete safety mechanism set for an ASIL-D EPS torque sensor channel, calculate diagnostic coverage, verify PMHF compliance, and map to AUTOSAR BSW.
- Annex D selection: 6 mechanisms applied - ECC, CRC, dual-channel comparison, range check, gradient check, timeout monitoring
- Diagnostic coverage calculation: 97.3% DC achieved for ASIL-D SPFM requirement of ≥ 99%
- FDTI budget: sensor fault detection within 5 ms, safe state (zero torque assist) within 30 ms
- PMHF result: 4.1 × 10⁻⁹ h⁻¹ versus ASIL-D target of < 10⁻⁸ h⁻¹ - compliant with 60% margin
- Fault injection: 240 test cases executed covering all 6 mechanisms, 100% activation rate confirmed
Diagnostic Coverage Summary
Ready to Master Safety Mechanisms & Diagnostics?
Deep-dive through 14 comprehensive chapters with interactive Annex D tools and a complete ASIL-D EPS case study.
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