Complete Learning Module

Safety Analysis Framework

Master the integrated safety analysis framework for ISO 26262 covering HARA, FMEA, FTA, DFA, STPA, Markov analysis, HAZOP, and event trees with guidance on method selection, sequencing, and evidence integration.

14
Chapters
8+
Analysis Methods
STPA
Modern Methods
ETA
Event Trees

What You'll Learn

Build complete competency in safety analysis framework through structured, progressive learning.

Select Appropriate Analysis Methods

Choose the right safety analysis method for each objective using a structured selection framework based on system type, lifecycle phase, and analysis depth required.

Execute Integrated FMEA & FTA

Conduct complementary FMEA and FTA campaigns with consistent failure mode definitions, bidirectional result linkage, and combined PMHF contribution calculation.

Conduct Dependent Failure Analysis

Systematically examine independence assumptions in decomposed architectures and identify CCF vulnerabilities that could defeat redundant safety measures.

Apply Modern Methods (STPA)

Use STPA for systematic unsafe control action identification, complementing traditional FMEA/FTA with system-theoretic analysis for complex, software-intensive systems.

Maintain Cross-Analysis Consistency

Verify that safety analyses are mutually consistent, resolve contradictions between methods, and ensure complete hazard coverage across all analysis outputs.

Integrate Analysis into Safety Cases

Map safety analysis results to safety argument claims and structure analysis evidence packages that support a compelling and assessor-ready safety case.

14 Comprehensive Chapters

Each chapter builds your safety analysis framework expertise systematically from foundations to advanced application.

1

Overview & Integration

Introduce the ISO 26262 safety analysis landscape, understand how different methods are complementary rather than competing, and learn how analysis results integrate into the safety case at each lifecycle phase.

Method landscapeComplementary analysisLifecycle integration
2

HARA Fundamentals

Review Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment as the foundation analysis that drives all subsequent safety work. Focus on how HARA outputs feed FMEA, FTA, DFA, and the overall safety argument structure.

HARA outputsSafety goal derivationDownstream analysis feeds
3

FMEA Integration

Apply FMEA at system, hardware, and software levels within the ISO 26262 framework. Understand Design FMEA vs. Process FMEA, FMEDA as a specialized form, and how FMEA results support safety mechanism identification.

DFMEA vs. PFMEAFMEDA as specialized FMEASafety mechanism linkage
4

FTA Integration

Apply Fault Tree Analysis for top-down probabilistic safety analysis in ISO 26262. Covers tree construction, gate types, minimal cut sets, quantitative analysis, and how FTA results contribute to PMHF calculation.

Tree constructionMinimal cut setsPMHF contribution
5

DFA - Dependent Failure Analysis

Conduct Dependent Failure Analysis per ISO 26262 to identify failures that can invalidate independence assumptions in decomposed architectures. Covers analysis at item and element level with CCF and cascade failure identification.

Independence assumption testingCCF identificationCascade failure analysis
6

STPA Integration

Apply System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) for systematic identification of unsafe control actions and loss scenarios. Understand how STPA complements traditional FMEA/FTA and supports SOTIF analysis alongside ISO 26262.

Unsafe control actionsLoss scenariosISO 26262 + SOTIF bridge
7

Markov Analysis

Apply Markov chain modeling for state-based reliability and safety analysis in complex systems with repair, partial operation, and degraded modes. Understand when Markov analysis is more appropriate than FTA for ISO 26262.

State-based modelingDegraded mode analysisMarkov vs. FTA selection
8

HAZOP

Apply Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) to identify deviations from design intent in automotive E/E systems. Covers guide word selection, node definition, deviation analysis, and how HAZOP complements FMEA for system-level hazard identification.

Guide word methodNode definitionFMEA complement
9

Event Tree Analysis

Construct Event Tree Analysis (ETA) for analyzing sequences of events following an initiating event. Understand how ETA integrates with FTA, how safety system success probabilities are incorporated, and automotive ETA examples.

Event sequence modelingFTA integrationAutomotive examples
10

Method Selection Guide

Select the right safety analysis method for each situation using a structured decision framework based on system complexity, analysis objective, available data, and ISO 26262 applicability requirements.

Decision frameworkObjective-method mappingISO 26262 requirements
11

Sequencing & Traceability

Plan the correct sequencing of safety analyses across the development lifecycle and maintain traceability between analysis outputs. Learn how HARA→FMEA→FTA→DFA feeds forward and how analysis results are revisited as design evolves.

Analysis sequencingForward/backward traceabilityDesign evolution
12

Consistency Checking

Verify consistency between different safety analyses covering the same system. Identify and resolve contradictions between FMEA and FTA results, ensure DFA findings are addressed in FMEA, and cross-check HARA hazard coverage.

Cross-analysis consistencyContradiction resolutionHARA hazard coverage check
13

Evidence Integration

Integrate safety analysis results into the safety case evidence structure. Map analysis findings to safety argument claims, structure analysis reports for assessor review, and maintain analysis work products as living documents.

Safety case integrationClaim-evidence mappingLiving document management
14

Validation & Verification

Verify that safety analyses are complete, consistent, and correct. Apply review checklists for each analysis method, conduct cross-analysis validation, and prepare analysis evidence packages for Functional Safety Assessment.

Analysis review checklistsCross-analysis validationFSA preparation
Interactive Learning

6 Interactive Tools

Experiment with visual tools that bring safety analysis framework concepts to life.

Method Selection Matrix

Interactive matrix for selecting safety analysis methods based on analysis objective, lifecycle phase, system type, and available evidence with pros/cons and applicability guidance.

Analysis Sequencing Timeline

Visual timeline showing the recommended sequencing of HARA, FMEA, FTA, DFA, and other analyses across the ISO 26262 V-Model phases with dependency arrows and update triggers.

FTA Builder

Interactive fault tree construction tool with AND/OR gate logic, minimal cut set calculation, probability propagation, and PMHF contribution visualization.

DFA Independence Analyzer

Tool for mapping independence assumptions from ASIL decomposition to DFA examination scope, identifying potential failure dependencies, and documenting CCF prevention measures.

STPA Control Structure Diagram

Interactive control structure diagram builder for STPA analysis with unsafe control action identification, causal factor analysis, and loss scenario enumeration.

Cross-Analysis Consistency Map

Visual consistency checking tool mapping failure modes across FMEA, FTA, and DFA analyses to identify gaps, contradictions, and unresolved findings between methods.

Worked Examples

Integrated Safety Analysis for ADAS Perception System

Complete multi-method safety analysis for an ADAS forward-looking perception system at ASIL-B, combining HARA, FMEA, FTA, DFA, and STPA with cross-analysis consistency verification.

  • HARA analysis identifying 12 hazardous events with ASIL assignments for perception failures
  • System-level FMEA covering camera, radar, and fusion ECU failure modes
  • FTA for safety goal "No unintended activation of AEB" with PMHF calculation
  • DFA examining independence between camera and radar sensor paths
  • STPA analysis of the AEB control loop identifying 8 unsafe control actions
  • Cross-analysis consistency check and integrated evidence package assembly

Perception System Safety Analysis Map

HARA analysis - 12 hazardous events with S/E/C classification
Unlock 5 more analysis methods

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Build expertise in all major safety analysis methods and learn how to integrate them into a coherent, assessment-ready safety argument.

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14 Chapters8+ MethodsSTPA IntegrationDFA Deep Dive