Fundamental failure taxonomy covering single-point faults, residual faults, latent faults, and safe faults per ISO 26262-5. Distinguishes transient vs. permanent failures, systematic vs. random faults, and common-cause failures. Maps failure classifications to diagnostic coverage requirements, fault detection time intervals (FDTI), and safety mechanism strategies. Includes practical examples from hardware components, software errors, and system-level failure propagation scenarios.
Faults and Failures
Common failure modes, latent vs. detected faults, transient vs. permanent, and how these map to mechanisms, coverage claims, and reaction time budgets.